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''Revolver'' is the seventh studio album by the English rock band the Beatles. It was released on 5 August 1966 in the United Kingdom and three days later in the United States. The album marked a progression from their 1965 release ''Rubber Soul'' and heralded the band's arrival as studio innovators, a year before the seminal ''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band''. On release, ''Revolver'' was widely recognised by critics as having redefined the parameters of popular music, yet its reception in America was muted initially, due to the controversy there surrounding John Lennon's statement that the Beatles had become "bigger than Jesus". The album's diverse influences and sounds include the incorporation of tape loops on the experimental "Tomorrow Never Knows", the use of a classical string octet on "Eleanor Rigby", and the Indian-music setting of "Love You To". Together with the children's novelty song "Yellow Submarine", "Eleanor Rigby" became an international hit when issued as a double A-side single. The album's Grammy Award-winning cover design was created by Klaus Voormann, one of the Beatles' friends from their fledgling years in Hamburg. In the UK, ''Revolver'' fourteen tracks were released to radio stations throughout July 1966, with the music signifying what author Ian MacDonald later described as "a radical new phase in the group's recording career". Aside from innovations such as varispeeding, reversed tapes, and close audio miking, the sessions for the album resulted in the invention of automatic double tracking (ADT), a technique that was soon adopted throughout the recording industry. The sessions also produced a non-album single, "Paperback Writer" backed with "Rain", for which the Beatles filmed their first on-location promotional films. The record spent 34 weeks on the UK Albums Chart, for seven of which it held the number one spot.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Beatles )〕 Reduced to eleven songs for the North American market, ''Revolver'' was the last Beatles album to be subjected to Capitol Records' policy of altering the band's intended running order and content. Its US release coincided with the Beatles' final concert tour, during which they refrained from performing any of the songs live. In America, the album topped the ''Billboard'' Top LPs listings for six weeks. ''Revolver'' was ranked first in Colin Larkin's book ''All-Time Top 1000 Albums'' and third in ''Rolling Stone'' magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. A remastered CD of the album was released on 9 September 2009. In 2013, after the British Phonographic Industry had changed its sales award rules, ''Revolver'' was certified platinum in the UK. The album has been certified 5x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. == Background == In December 1965, the Beatles' album ''Rubber Soul'' was released to wide critical acclaim. In his book ''Revolver: How the Beatles Reimagined Rock 'n' Roll'', author Robert Rodriguez writes that it was viewed as a "major breakthrough beyond the Merseybeat sound of their previous five LPs". The following January, the band carried out overdubs on live recordings taken from their summer 1965 US tour, for inclusion in the concert film ''The Beatles at Shea Stadium''. The group's manager, Brian Epstein, had intended that the Beatles would then begin work on their third feature film, but the band members were unable to agree on a suitable script. With three months free of engagements, the extended layoff allowed the Beatles an unprecedented amount of time to prepare for a new album. Writing in ''The Beatles Forever'', Nicholas Schaffner cites 1966 as the start of the band's "'psychedelic' period" and adds: "That adjective implies not only the influence of certain mind-altering chemicals, but also the freewheeling spectrum of wide-ranging colors that their new music seemed to evoke." Music journalist Carol Clerk describes ''Revolver'' as having been "decisively informed by acid", following John Lennon and George Harrison's continued experimentation with the drug LSD since the spring of 1965.〔 Available at (Rock's Backpages ) (subscription required).〕 Through these shared experiences, the two musicians developed a fascination for Eastern spiritual and philosophical concepts,〔 particularly regarding the illusory nature of human existence. Despite his bandmates' urging, after Ringo Starr had also partaken of the drug, Paul McCartney refused to try LSD. As reflected in the more conventional subject matter of his lyrics on ''Revolver'', relative to those of Lennon and Harrison, McCartney drew his inspiration from the intellectual stimulation he experienced among London's thriving and varied artistic community. While Lennon had been the Beatles' dominant creative force through 1965, having contributed the lead vocal for the majority of their singles, album openers, and closers, McCartney now attained an approximately equal position with him. ''Revolver'' marks the midpoint in the band's recording career, between the period dominated by Lennon – who was by this time growing increasingly uninterested in his life as a Beatle – and the period dominated by McCartney, who would provide the group's artistic direction for almost every post-''Revolver'' project. In addition, Harrison's interest in the music and culture of India had inspired him as a composer. With ''Revolver'', Schaffner later wrote, "there were now three prolific songwriting Beatles". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Revolver (Beatles album)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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